Dec, 2006 this makes mint the most economically important essential oil. Mint is a fastgrowing, aromatic herb plant in the mentha genus. The genus consists of approximately 25 species and rather fewer hybrids. Mint plants are mainly aromatic perennials and they possess erect, branching stems and oblong to ovate or lanceolate leaves arranged in opposing pairs on the stems. Mentha article about mentha by the free dictionary. Mentha is a genus of plants in the family lamiaceae mint family. The genus mint mentha belongs to the lamiaceae family and includes 42 species, 15 hybrids, and hundreds of subspecies, varieties, and. Mint and mint oil profile cornells ecommons cornell university. Although the genus mentha comprises more than 25 species, the most common one used is. Mint types how to grow different varieties of mint. However, a number of these mint types are commonly grown in the garden. The genus mentha a decrease in cucumber root membrane potential vm hyperpolarization of 10 to 3 mv, whereas concentrations from 100 to 900 ppm caused an increasing depolarization of vm from 5 to 110 mv figure 2. With extensive information from internationally known experts in their field, mint. The genus mentha covers approximately 2530 species of which m.
This large group of plants has been used for cooking, beverages, candy, and as a strewing herb for centuries. The herb, both in the recent and in the dried state, has a peculiar, penetrating, grateful odor. Lawrence for thousands of years mint has enjoyed an honored place in pharmacopoeias and kitchen cupboards in india, china, europe, north america, and elsewhere. Pdf chemical composition and biological activities of. They flower in the summer with flowers of pink, white or purple. Pineapple mint, mentha suaveolens variegata the genus mentha is a large group of plants in the mint family lamiaceae. The natural diversity of the oil composition among mentha suaveolens accessions is currently being investigated. The use of modern methods such as feeding with labeled precursors and gas chromatography to analyze the aromatic mint oils has provided new characters to assist the taxonomist in his classification. Prospective of essential oils of the genus mentha as. Several viruses have been associated with disease symptoms in mint mentha spp. Hosted by the usgs core science analytics and synthesis. An updated overview on peppermint mentha piperita l. The morphology of mentha piperita and other species of mentha are discussed by eriksson in b.
Peppermint is quite frequently contaminated with spearmint and. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Corn mint is the richest source of natural menthol. Mentha also known as mint, from greek mintha, linear b mita is a genus of plants in the family lamiaceae mint family.
The genus mentha presents an indepth look at the genus, providing information on its history, production, chemical constituents, market trends, and medicinal and. Lamiaceae is distributed all over the world and can be found in. Medicinal and aromatic plants industrial pro files. Prospective of essential oils of the genus mentha as biopesticides. Mentha plant growing guide how to grow mint in the garden. Wild mint has some similarities to lycopus species, which also have opposite leaves, whorls of small flowers at the leaf nodes, and found in wet places. Like other members of the genus, it is best not used by pregnant women because large doses can cause an abortion. The plant list includes 1,086 scientific plant names of species rank for the genus mentha. Square stems, tiny hairs on stem, vertically stacked crunched flower bundles usually light purple, white or pink on top of. Genus mentha species arvensis it is a native of temperate northern and western himalayas and kashmir at the altitude of 5,00010,000 ft. They become pretty easy to recognize after a while. There are literally hundreds of mint plant varieties and far too many to name here.
The genus mentha, named for the mythological nymph minthe, includes many species used for flavor, fragrance, or medicinal purposes. However, cultivated mints have complex polyploid genomes and are sterile. The genus mentha medicinal and aromatic plants industrial profiles book 44. The leaves are oblongelliptical to lanceolate, thinly to densely tomentose, green to greyish. Members of the mentha genus are hardy perennial herbs that reach from 45 to 90 cm in height. Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Mentha mint is a genus of about 25 species and many hundreds of varieties of flowering plants in the family lamiaceae mint family. The genus mentha medicinal and aromatic plants industrial profiles book 44 kindle edition by lawrence, brian m download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets.
Library of congress cataloginginpublication data lawrence, brian m. They are often used in cooking, herbal remedies, and for making teas. These mint clones with antioxidant potential can be utilized as an effective, low cost source of natural commercial antioxidants for medicinal purposes and food industry too, how kanatt, chander. The genus carum medicinal and aromatic plants industrial profiles by eva nemeth. Some of mint species with commercial and medicinal uses or, considered as weeds, are listed in table 1. Lamiaceae is a family of flowering plants that comprises over 240 genera and 6,500 species worldwide. It also provides a complete industrial profile, including market size, geographical sources, export and import data, quality assessment, and use in a variety of industries such as cosmetic, consumer goods. Browse pictures and read growth cultivation information about mentha, apple mint, egyptian mint, roundleaved mint mentha x rotundifolia supplied by member gardeners in the plantfiles database.
It has a creeping rhizome with straight to creeping stems 40120 cm in height. It is naturalized in many other temperate parts of the world, including northern and southern africa, north america and south america. Studies were made into the yield and essential oil content of several mint species and the original. Mint species and commercial and medicinal uses or weed. The genus mentha medicinal and aromatic plants industrial profiles 9780849307799. Page designed through the cooperative efforts of interagency itis teams. The general aim of the work was to examine the optimal conditions for cultivating mint in northern finland. This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. Use flowers and leaves fresh or dried in teas, beverages, jellies, syrups, candies, ice creams, lamb dishes, and mint sauce. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in.
This book presents an indepth look at the genus mentha, examining its history and production, as well as. The genus mentha for thousands of years mint has enjoyed an honored place in pharmacopoeias and kitchen cupboards in india. Article pdf available in international research journal of pharmacy 28. It is occasionally found in the wild with its parent species. Mint growing gradually moved westward with the early settlers. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis has shown that the main compounds within essential oil of m. More than any other genus of comparable size, mentha poses problems of identification and classification harley, 1973. Two strains of trichoderma were tested for its effect on the growth and productivity of mint plants without. The genus mentha belongs to the lamiaceae family and can be found in europe, africa, asia, australia, and north america. Phytochemical prospection, toxicity and antimicrobial. This book presents an indepth look at the genus mentha, examining its history and production, as well as its medicinal and nutritional uses. The natural diversity of the oil composition among mentha spicata accessions is currently being investigated. Mentha simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
It is one of the 240 genera and belongs specifically to the mentha genus. Hybridization occurs naturally where some species range overlap. Menthyl acetate peltate trichome mentha species scotch spearmint. Mentha arvensis corn mint, wild mint, japanese peppermint, field mint, pudina hindi. Mentha is also found in the essential oils of other members of the mint family mentha spp. This page was last edited on 31 january 2020, at 11. The genus mentha medicinal and aromatic plants industrial. The plant list includes a further 1,334 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the genus mentha. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. These are primarily included because names of species rank are. The genus mentha is an invaluable companion for all those actively engaged in the research, cultivation, marketing, or product development of mint. The genus mentha includes 25 to 30 species that grow in the temperate regions of. Mint diseases and pests, description, uses, propagation.
Pharmacological and therapeutic effects of mentha longifolia. Doublestranded rna and virion isolations revealed the presence of three viruses in a variegataplant. Peppermint is quite frequently contaminated with spearmint and in one instance the leaves of belladonna were found. Many hybrids and cultivars are known the genus has a subcosmopolitan distribution across europe. Lycopus flowers are white with only 2 stamens, however, and the leaves are not aromatic when crushed. Commercially, the most important mint species are spearmint mentha spicata, peppermint m. The plants database includes the following species of mentha. The yield and essential oil content of mint mentha ssp. The leaves are often covered in tiny hairs and have a serrated margin. The genus mentha encompasses mint species cultivated for their essential oils, which are formulated into a vast array of consumer products.
Mentha, apple mint, egyptian mint, roundleaved mint. The mentha species are herbaceous plants, mainly cultivated for their aromatic, condimentary and medicinal properties. The genus mentha medicinal and aromatic plants industrial profiles. Mints belong to the genus mentha and comprise approximately 20 species in the plant family lamiaceae and are growm for their leaves which are widely used as a flavoring. Desirable oil characteristics and resistance to the fungal disease verticillium wilt are top priorities for the mint industry. Pdf chemical composition and biological activities of mentha. Heracleum latent virus, placing it in the genus vitivirus. Indeed, mint taxonomy is highly complex and there is not always a consensus. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. Media in category mentha the following 76 files are in this category, out of 76 total. The genus mentha is believed to have originated in the mediterranean. Mentha species are used for their flavouring and medicinal properties widely throughout different countries of the world. Propagation of mint plants background about the mint genus.
Mint refers to species in the plant genus mentha, though a number of close. Common names for plants from mentha include mint, pudding grass, chocolate mint, and pennyroyal. Essential oil composition of native spearmint mentha spicata from yakima valley growing area washington state, usa. Cloning and sequencing disclosed that one of the viruses was a. The genus mentha presents an indepth look at the genus, providing information on its history, production, chemical constituents, market trends, and medicinal and nutritional uses. Continuing in the esteemed tradition of the previous volumes in the medicinal and aromatic plant series, mint. Mentha aquatica water mint mentha arvensis wild mint. Spearmint, mentha spicata is an aromatic herb of the mint family, widely used for culinary purposes. Most are native to europe and asia and have naturalized widely the spreading roots send up new plants that can quickly overtake other plants in the area. Mint was introduced into the us from england around 1812 and was first grown in massachusetts. Peppermint is a cross between spearmint and watermint, mentha aquatica. Lamiaceae is distributed all over the world and can be found in many environments.
The high number of different taxonomic names attributed by the taxonomists during the past 200 years to the mint plants reflects a great morphological variation kokkini, 1991. Distillation provides mint oil, and further processing chilling provides menthol crystals and dementholised mint oil. The genus mentha includes 25 to 30 species that grow in the temperate regions of eurasia, australia and south africa dorman et al. We do not intend the plant list to be complete for names of infraspecific rank. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. Indigenous to europe and the middle east, the plant is now widely spread and cultivated in many regions of the world. Keep reading for information on how to grow some of these different varieties of mint. There are two that are especially good for growing indoors.
Spearmint, also known as garden mint, common mint, lamb mint and mackerel mint, is a species of mint, mentha spicata, native to europe and southern temperate asia, extending from ireland in the west to southern china in the east. Mint is a member of the lamiaceae family of plants. Like other members of the genus, it is best not used by pregnant women because large doses can cause an. Now it is mostly cultivated in gardens and fields especially gardens in konkan. Pdf an updated overview on peppermint mentha piperita l. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading mint. Draft genome sequence of mentha longifolia and development. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for species profiles. The genus melaleuca medicinal and aromatic plants industrial profiles. A detection protocol for the virus has been developed, and the mint aphid ovatus crataegarius was able to transmit the virus in the presence of a helper virus but not from single infected plants. It is commonly known as peppermint, brandy mint, candy mint, lamb mint, balm mint, vilayati pudina or. An overview of mentha arvensis production japanese mint or corn mint, mentha arvensis, is the source of a major raw material for the flavours and fragrances industry. The genus mentha medicinal and aromatic plants industrial profiles, volume 44 brian m.
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